Governments, in Geneva, Switzerland, advanced in their discussions on the development and operationalization of a multilateral mechanism, including a global fund, for the sharing of benefits from the use of digital sequence information on genetic resources.
Digital sequence information (DSI) is a placeholder term to refer to data derived from de-materialized genetic resources. It includes nucleic acid sequence data and potentially other data such as protein sequence data. The traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples and local communities associated with the use of genetic resources is also relevant.
DSI is crucial to research in a wide range of contexts, including public health, medicine, plant and animal breeding, evolution research and the achievement of the Convention on Biological Diversity’s objectives, namely the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the use of genetic resources, as well as the objective of its Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing.
At the United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP 15) in Montreal, Canada, in December 2022, governments agreed that benefits from the use of digital sequence information on genetic resources should be shared fairly and equitably (decision 15/9) and further agreed to establish, as part of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (decision 15/4), a multilateral mechanism for benefit-sharing from the use of digital sequence information on genetic resources, including a global fund. They agreed that the development and operationalization of this would be according to a fair, transparent, inclusive, participatory, and time-bound process (decision 15/9).
In Geneva this week, negotiations on the multilateral mechanism, led by co-chairs Martha Mphatso Kalemba of Malawi and William Lockhart of the United Kingdom, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, addressed 16 different issues identified as central to the creation of such a mechanism, set out in the Annex to decision 15/9. These issues were clustered into five groups:
- Contributions to the fund, including triggering points for benefit-sharing and some aspects of the role and interests of industry and academia;
- Disbursement of the funds, including disbursement of monetary benefits, including information on geographical origin as one of the criteria, some aspects of the role, rights and interests of indigenous peoples and local communities, including associated traditional knowledge;
- Non-monetary benefit-sharing, including information on geographical origin as one of the criteria, capacity development and technology transfer, including linkages between research and technology and the multilateral mechanism of benefit-sharing;
- Governance, including the monitoring evaluation and review of effectiveness, principles of data governance and some aspects of the role, rights and interests of indigenous peoples and local communities, including associated traditional knowledge, and interests of industry and academia;
- Relation to other approaches and systems, including the potential to voluntarily extend the multilateral mechanism to genetic resources or biological diversity, other policy options, the interface between national systems and the multilateral mechanism on benefit-sharing, the relationship with the Nagoya Protocol and the adaptability of the mechanism to other resource mobilization instruments or funds.
“The engagement of delegates in this week’s meeting on the multilateral mechanism for DSI demonstrated that there is goodwill amongst the Parties and that we are well on our way towards operationalizing the mechanism and fund as mandated by the Convention’s Conference of the Parties in December 2022”, said David Cooper, Acting Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity. “I believe that we have the potential to develop a mechanism that can be truly transformative; one that can make a real contribution to the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.”
Co-chairs, Martha Mphatso Kalemba of Malawi and William Lockhart of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland said “Parties worked well together, with a cooperative spirit and a high degree of trust during discussions this week. As we move towards our meeting in August of next year, we look forward to facilitating this journey towards the adoption and operationalisation of a new mechanism.”
Following this meeting, a number of informal consultations are expected to be held to consider issues that need further work to understand the underlying interests, views and positions of delegations before resumption of negotiations. The Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group on Benefit-sharing from the Use of Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources will meet a second time, in Montreal, Canada, in August 2024, to further the discussions and to make recommendations for consideration and adoption by the Conference of the Parties at its sixteenth meeting (COP 16).
